You can technically affirm a non-Jewish Believer in Israel’s Messiah as a “spiritual Jew,” without holding to replacement theology. Yet, given some of the complexities of Paul’s letter to the Romans, does Romans 2:28-29 speak to non-Jewish Believers being “spiritual Jews”—or does it instead speak to how a Jewish Believer in Yeshua, may truly be regarded as Jewish, precisely because of a circumcised heart resultant of Messiah faith? Many people in today’s Messianic Jewish movement would regard Jewish Believers in Yeshua as Completed Jews.
